How Beneficial Are Biofuels, Anyway?

We live in a world where species of wild animals are disappearing and a billion people are barely able to get enough to eat. Is this the time to clear rain forests to grow palm oil or give up food-crop land to grow biofuels so that people can burn fuel derived from carbohydrate rather than hydrocarbons in their cars? This paucity of food-producing land is already driving up the cost of food for human populations.Five percent of the world’s crop land has been taken out of growing food and put into growing fuel; in the United States, that figure is 20%. Drought in Australia and more meat eating in China has pushed the world food supply below world food demand. In 2008 the food shortage caused food riots all over the world. Between 2004 and 2007, the world corn harvest increased by 51 million tons; but 50 million tons went into fuel ethanol, leaving nothing to meet the increase in demand for food. American car drivers were taking carbohydrates out of the mouths of the poor to fill their tanks.

This might be okay if the money spent on ethanol would save Americans money so they could afford to buy more goods and services from the poor and help them out of poverty. But…Americans are taxed three times for their ethanol hunger—they subsidize the growing of corn through the government; they subsidize the manufacture of ethanol; and they pay more for their food. Ethanol production actually impairs the ability of people to contribute to the demand for manufactured goods.

In order to produce fuel ethanol, a farmer must use fuel for his tractors, petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides, truck fuel, and distillation fuel. So…on balance, it takes just about as much fuel to produce the new ethanol fuel as the ethanol fuel, itself contains. Drilling and refining fuel from oil and coal reserves, of which there are many, gets you a 600% energy return on your energy used.

Making fuel from Brazilian sugar cane is more efficient, because it is produced by armies of underpaid laborers.

Using oil to drive cars releases CO2, which is a greenhouse gas; but using tractors to grow crops releases nitrous oxide from soil, which is a stronger greenhouse gas with nearly 300 times the warming potential of CO2.

The ultimate argument against the use of biofuels is that these fuels require land for their production; and the earth’s land area is finite. The human population, which uses land for food production, is increasing. By 2050, the earth’s population will need every bit of arable land for food production. We need to quit using biofuels until some more efficient way of producing them is discovered.

Data for this blog post were taken from The Rational Optimist by Matt Ridley.